With the fierce mobile payment, the NFC market in 2016 also reignited the new fire. However, before discussing the NFC market, we first need to understand what NFC is. This article will give you a comprehensive understanding of the technology of renewing the new fire for everyone's concept, characteristics, application and current problems.
Development of NFC technology
The origin of NFC technology has to start from 2003. At the time, Philips and Sony planned to develop a compatible wireless communication technology based on contactless card technology. Therefore, Philips sent a team to Japan and Sony engineers to retreat to develop this technology. In three months, the two companies jointly released research and development results, a wireless communication technology compatible with the current ISO14443 contactless card protocol, and named NFC (Near Field CommunicaTIon).
In order to promote the development and popularization of NFC, in 2004, Philips, Sony and Nokia jointly created a non-profit industry association, NFC Forum, to promote the implementation and standardization of NFC technology and ensure the cooperation between equipment and services. . NFC Forum has hundreds of members around the world, including: NOKIA, SONY, Philips, LG, Motorola, NXP, NEC, Samsung, Atoam, Intel, among which Chinese members have Meizu, BBK, vivo, OPPO, Xiaomi, China Mobile, Huawei , ZTE, Shanghai Tongyao and Taiwan Zhenglong and other companies.
What is NFC?NFC (Near Field CommunicaTIon) near field communication technology, also known as short-range wireless communication, is a short-range high-frequency wireless communication technology that allows non-contact point-to-point data transmission (within ten centimeters) to exchange data between electronic devices. . This technology evolved from contactless radio frequency identification (RFID) and is backward compatible with RFID.
NFC principle and characteristicsLike RFID, NFC information is also transmitted by electromagnetic induction coupling of the radio frequency portion of the spectrum. NFC exchanges data between the devices through non-contact point-to-point data transmission (within ten centimeters). This mode is similar to infrared, and can be used for data exchange, but the transmission distance is short, the transmission creation speed is faster, the transmission speed is faster, and the power consumption is low.
NFC is very similar to Bluetooth, and is a short-range communication technology that is integrated into mobile phones. But NFC does not require complicated setup procedures. Therefore, NFC can also simplify the Bluetooth function. But its speed is not as good as Bluetooth. The maximum data transfer capacity of NFC is 424 kbit/s, which is much smaller than Bluetooth V2.1 (2.1 Mbit/s).
The difference between NFC and RFIDFirst of all, NFC is a wireless connection technology that provides easy, secure and fast communication. Its transmission range is smaller than that of RFID. The transmission range of RFID can reach several meters or even tens of meters, but because NFC adopts unique signal attenuation technology, Compared with RFID, NFC has the characteristics of close distance, high bandwidth and low energy consumption. Second, NFC is compatible with existing contactless smart card technology and has become the official standard supported by more and more major vendors. Once again, NFC is a close-range connection protocol that provides easy, secure, fast, and automatic communication between devices. Compared to other connections in the wireless world, NFC is a close-range, private communication method. Finally, RFID is more widely used in production, logistics, tracking, and asset management, while NFC plays a huge role in access control, public transportation, and mobile payment.
NFC, infrared and Bluetooth are both non-contact transmission methods. They have different technical characteristics and can be used for various purposes. The technology itself has no advantages and disadvantages.
NFC applicationNFC's application methods are Touch and Go, Touch and Pay, Touch and Connect, and Touch and Explore, and there are almost no NFCs in China three years ago. Different ways of doing things, NFC can now be said to be a full-featured application.
data transmission
In terms of data transmission, NFC is practical for Bluetooth transmission. NFC only plays the role of establishing a connection. Therefore, in the process of data transmission, the user does not need to keep the NFC area on the two devices close. Currently, the NFC transmission still uses pictures and texts. Small files such as web links, Samsung S Beam uses NFC to establish connections, Wi-Fi transmission, you can achieve large file exchange, but only between Samsung phones.
On the Bluetooth pairing, NFC also has the role of this "matchmaker". Two Bluetooth devices that support NFC pairing can be quickly paired between the two devices by simply moving closer to each other. Among them, Sony, one of the founders of NFC technology, is quite active in this regard, and almost all of its existing wireless products already support NFC pairing.
Mobile payment
Mobile payments have become popular in recent years, and contactless payments have made NFC truly useful. In China, mobile phones use NFC for mobile payment. In fact, they are all related to UnionPay. Regardless of Pay or HCE, UnionPay's cloud flash service is used.
At present, the main Pay-type NFC payment in China is Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, Huawei Pay and Xiaomi. This uses the NFC card emulation mode, but it is not the complete card information of the bank card in the mobile phone. Is to form a special Token number, the Token is transmitted to the POS machine through NFC communication at the time of payment, and the POS machine sends the Token and the transaction amount to UnionPay and the bank to verify and complete the transaction. In this process, the mobile phone does not need to be connected to the network. It is equivalent to your physical bank card.
In order to ensure security, this type of Pay also requires a built-in SE (Secure Element) security module for storing Token information. Apple Apple Pay uses TouchID fingerprinting for Token reading and transaction confirmation. Samsung Pay, Huawei Pay and Xiaomi pay for the electron SE module, and the implementation principle is basically the same.
NFC payment is also through the HCE method, there is no domestic Andorid Pay, this payment performance has NFC-SIM card and UnionPay cloud flash card. The NFC-SIM card requires a special SIM card provided by the operator and is used in conjunction with the operator's wallet APP. UnionPay cloud flash payment card is relatively simple, only need to install cloud flash payment APP or APP of major banks on the supported NFC-enabled mobile phones.
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