Lightning is a natural phenomenon that has become increasingly common due to the rapid development of modern society. As high-rise buildings rise and air pollution increases, the conditions for thundercloud formation and lightning strikes are becoming more favorable. This poses a growing threat to people's lives and property, especially in areas like the Pearl River Delta, where lightning has become stronger and more frequent. The damage caused by lightning strikes—whether to buildings, equipment, or electrical systems—is becoming more severe each year. As a result, awareness of lightning protection is gradually increasing among individuals and organizations.
Lightning can be categorized into two types: direct lightning strikes and induced lightning. While lightning rods (or lightning belts) are effective in preventing direct strikes, they cannot protect against induced lightning, which can travel through power lines or signal cables from several kilometers away. This makes it essential to implement comprehensive protection measures, especially in low-voltage distribution systems.
Zinc oxide arresters are widely used in power systems due to their excellent nonlinear voltage-current characteristics. Under normal operating conditions, the zinc oxide valve disc has a high resistance, allowing only microampere-level leakage current to pass. However, during a lightning surge, it rapidly becomes conductive, diverting the current safely to ground. This helps limit the voltage on the protected equipment and ensures its insulation remains intact after the surge.
Before installation, it is crucial to test the arrester’s technical parameters to ensure quality and reliability. Key tests include measuring insulation resistance, DC leakage current, and AC leakage current under operating voltage. These tests help assess the arrester’s performance and detect any signs of aging or moisture damage.
For low-voltage overhead lines, especially in areas with high lightning activity, additional protection is necessary. Measures such as installing low-voltage arresters near the entry point of the line, grounding the insulator feet, and using gap protection for sensitive equipment can significantly reduce the risk of lightning-induced damage.
In addition to proper arrester installation, good grounding and shielding are essential. Shielding helps block electromagnetic interference and overvoltage energy, while proper grounding ensures that lightning currents are quickly dissipated into the earth. Equipotential bonding is also important for communication systems, computer networks, and power supplies to prevent dangerous voltage differences.
By combining these protective strategies, the risk of lightning damage can be minimized, ensuring the safety and stability of both infrastructure and electronic devices.
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