Determination of low concentration chlorine dioxide in water by cresol red spectrophotometry

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Determination of Low Concentration Chlorine Dioxide in Water Using Cresol Red Spectrophotometry

Keywords: cresol red spectrophotometry; chlorine dioxide; US analytical instrument; UV-1800A

Chlorine dioxide is a highly effective and broad-spectrum disinfectant, widely used in water treatment systems. However, due to its strong oxidizing properties, accurate measurement of low concentrations can be challenging. Traditional methods such as the iodometric or modified DPD methods are commonly used, but they may not always provide sufficient sensitivity. This study introduces an alternative approach using cresol red spectrophotometry. The principle relies on the oxidation of cresol red by chlorine dioxide, which causes a reduction in the absorption peak at 573 nm. By measuring the differential absorbance before and after the reaction, we can determine the concentration of chlorine dioxide with high accuracy. Experimental procedures involved the preparation of a chlorine dioxide standard solution. The gas was generated by reacting sodium sulfite with dilute sulfuric acid, then purified through a sodium metabisulfite solution and absorbed in distilled water. The concentration was confirmed using the iodometric method and adjusted accordingly. A 0.1% cresol red solution was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of cresol red in 100 mL of distilled water. A buffer solution with a pH of 9.5 was also made by dissolving 30 g of ammonium chloride and 66 g of ammonia in distilled water and diluting to 500 mL. The results showed that this method is both reliable and sensitive, making it suitable for monitoring low levels of chlorine dioxide in drinking water. It offers a practical alternative to traditional techniques, especially when working with trace amounts of the compound. Keywords: cresol red spectrophotometry; chlorine dioxide; Macylab.com; UV-1800A

LCD Power Meter Socket

Power Meter is a monitoring and testing instrument which determines the power consumption of a connected appliance and the cost of the electricity consumed.
Built-in 3.6V rechargeable Batteries ( . The purpose of the batteries is to store the total electricity and memory setting
Resetting
If an abnormal display appears or the buttons produce no response, the instrument must be reset. To do this,
press the RESET button.
Display Mode
Entire LCD can be displayed for about 1 minute and then it automatically gets into Model. To transfer from
one mode to the other, press the FUNCTION button.
Mode 1: Time/Watt/Cost Display Display duration(how long) this device connect to power source.LCD on first line shows 0:00 with first two figures mean minutes(2 figures will occur while occur at 10 min) and the rest shows seconds. After 60mins, it displays 0:00 again with first two numbers meas hour(2 figures will occur at 10hours)and the rest shows minutes. The rest can be done in the same manner which means after 24 hours, it will re-caculate. LCD on second line displays current power which ranges in 0.0W ã€œ 9999W. LCD on third line displays the current electricity costs which ranges in O.Ocost ã€œ 9999cost. It will keep on O.OOcost before setting rate without other figures.
Mode 2: Time/Cumulative electrical quantity Display Display duration(how long) this device connect to power source.
LCD on first line shows 0:00 with first two figures mean minutes(2 figures will occur while occur at 10 min) and the rest shows seconds. After 60mins, it displays 0:00 again with first two numbers meas hour(2 figures will occur at 10hours)and the rest shows minutes. The rest can be done in the same manner which
means after 24 hours, it will re-caculate. LCD on second line displays current cumulative electrical quantity which ranges in 0.000KWH ã€œ 9999KWH without other figures. LCD on third line displays"DAY"- "1 'Will be showed on numerical part(the other three figures will be showed at carry) which means it has cumulated electrical quantity for 24hours(one day). The rest can be done in the same manner untill the maximal cumulative time of 9999 days.
Mode 3: TimeA^bltage/Frequency Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on second line displays current voltage supply (v) which ranges in 0.0V ã€œ 9999V .LCD on third line displays current frequency (HZ) which ranges in 0.0HZ ã€œ 9999Hz without other figures.
Mode 4: Time/Current/Power Factor Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones.LCD on second line displays load current which ranges in 0.0000A ã€œ 9999A. LCD on third line displays current power factor which ranges in 0.00PF ã€œ LOOPF without other figures.
Mode 5:Time/Minimum Power Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on
second line displays the minimum power which ranges in 0.0W ã€œ 9999W. LCD on third line displays character of "Lo" without other figures.
Mode 6: Time/Maximal Power Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on second line displays the maximal power which ranges in 0.0W ã€œ 9999W. LCD on third line displays character of "Hi" without other figures.
Mode 7: Time/Price Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on third line displays the cost which ranges in O.OOCOST/KWH ã€œ 99.99COST/KWH without other figures.
Overload Display: When the power socket connects the load over 3680W, LCD on second line displays the''OVERLOAD[ with booming noise to warn the users,( 1918928,selectable choice)
Supplemental informations:
1: Except [OVERLOAD[ interface, LCD on first line display time in repitition within 24hours.
2: LCD on first line, second line or third line described in this intruction take section according to two black lines on LCD screen. Here it added for clarified purpose.
3. Mode 7 will directly occur while press down button "cost".
4. [UP"&"Down" are in no function under un-setting mode.
Setting Mode
1. Electricity price setting
After keeping COST button pressed lasting more than 3 seconds(LCD on third line display system defaults price, eg O.OOCOST/KWH ),the rendered content begins moving up and down which means that the device
has entered the setting mode. After that, press FUNCTION for swithing , then press "UP"and "DOWN" button again to set value which ranges in OO.OOCOST/KWH ã€œ 99.99COST/KWH. After setting all above, press COST to return to Mode7 or it will automatically return to Mode7 without any pressing after setting with data storage.

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