The pole number is another important factor in circuit breaker selection, and the term "pole" is also commonly referred to as 1P. In household single-phase circuits, circuit breakers are typically available in three configurations: 1P, 1P+N, and 2P. Each type serves a specific purpose depending on the electrical requirements of the circuit.
A 1P circuit breaker only disconnects the live wire and continuously monitors the current flowing through it. If the current exceeds the rated value, the breaker will trip, providing protection for the live wire. However, it does not monitor or disconnect the neutral wire, which means the neutral remains energized when the circuit is off.
The 1P+N circuit breaker allows both the live and neutral wires to be disconnected. However, it still only detects current on the live wire and provides protection based on that. This type is often used in situations where both wires need to be isolated, but the protection is still focused on the live wire.
On the other hand, a 2P circuit breaker disconnects both the live and neutral wires and simultaneously monitors the current on both lines. This makes it more suitable for applications where full isolation is required, such as in certain socket circuits or for higher power loads.
For general lighting circuits, either a 1P or 1P+N circuit breaker can be used, depending on the installation needs. However, for socket circuits, especially those with leakage protection, it's essential to choose the right type. A five-hole socket usually requires a 1P or 1P+N leakage circuit breaker, while a three-hole socket must use a 2P leakage circuit breaker to ensure complete safety and proper grounding.
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