Determination of low concentration chlorine dioxide in water by cresol red spectrophotometry

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Determination of Low Concentration Chlorine Dioxide in Water Using Cresol Red Spectrophotometry

Keywords: Cresol Red Spectrophotometry; Chlorine Dioxide; US Analytical Instruments; UV-1800A

Chlorine dioxide is a powerful disinfectant with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, widely used in water treatment. However, its accurate determination at low concentrations remains challenging. Traditional methods include the iodometric method and the modified DPD method. This study introduces a colorimetric approach using cresol red, which offers an alternative for precise and reliable measurement. Chlorine dioxide has strong oxidizing properties that can interfere with color development. In this method, cresol red is oxidized by chlorine dioxide, causing a decrease in absorbance. The maximum absorption of cresol red occurs at 573 nm, making it ideal for spectrophotometric analysis. By measuring the change in absorbance before and after oxidation, the concentration of chlorine dioxide can be determined accurately. Experimental Reagents and Instrumentation: - Chlorine Dioxide Standard Solution: Produced by reacting sodium sulfite with dilute sulfuric acid, purified with sodium metabisulfite solution, and absorbed in distilled water. The concentration was verified using the iodometric method and stored in a refrigerator for future use. - Cresol Red Solution: Dissolve 10 mg of cresol red in distilled water and make up to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. - pH 9.5 Ammonia Buffer: Dissolve 30 g of NH4Cl and 66 g of ammonia in distilled water, then dilute to 500 mL. This technique provides a simple, cost-effective, and accurate way to measure low levels of chlorine dioxide in drinking water, especially when using advanced instruments like the UV-1800A spectrophotometer. It is particularly useful in environments where precision and reliability are critical. Keywords: Cresol Red Spectrophotometry; Chlorine Dioxide; Macylab.com; UV-1800A

Countdown Timer Socket

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

Countdown socket has an AC outlet, the maximum can output 230 V16A of power, there are two control modes, that is, countdown off and countdown on. It is convenient to control the equipment which needs to switch off or turn on AC. improve the safety of the use of some equipment and save more energy.

SET TIMER

1,Countdown plug in the socket, all indicator lights red flash three times, at this time the socket has no output, for the normal state, into the countdown state. Click the button, the first red light up, the socket output after an hour off, and then short press the button can set the socket timing of 2 H.4H.6H.8H.10H.OFF.

2,Long press button 3s, all indicator lights green flash three times, at this time the socket has output, for the regular open state, into the countdown on state. Click on the button, the first green light on, the socket is closed an hour later, and then press the button to set the socket countdown 2 H.4H.6H.8H.10H.OFF.

3,Press button 3 longer S, all indicator lights red light flash 3 times again into countdown mode.

4,Select the required countdown time mode, the corresponding mode countdown lights up, start countdown until the end of the countdown time. The outlet that controls the output will start or stop the output.

5,After the countdown starts, the time indicator will change automatically from high to low until the countdown is over.

NOTE:

1,Check that the power connection is good.

2,Use only indoors and in dry places.

3,This product does not convert AC voltage.

4,Maximum load not exceeding 16A 3680W.

5,Grounding is required for safety.

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