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Abstract: In contrast to conventional two-stage PFC converters, single-stage PFC AC-DC converters utilize a single switch and controller. This approach has become a focal point of research in low-power supply applications.
Keywords: single-stage, power factor correction, circuit topology
1 Introduction
To mitigate the pollution caused to the power grid by switching power supplies found in office equipment, computers, and home appliances, regulatory bodies like the International Electrotechnical Commission and various countries have established standards such as IEC1000-3-2 and EN61000-3-2, which impose limits on current harmonics. The most effective method to comply with these standards is active power factor correction (active PFC).
The active PFC technology that is widely adopted today follows a two-stage architecture: an active PFC boost converter paired with a DC-DC converter, as depicted in the figure below.
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In recent years, there has been growing interest in simplifying this two-stage process. Researchers are exploring ways to integrate the functions of both stages into a single-stage solution, reducing component count and cost while maintaining efficiency. This shift not only streamlines the design but also enhances reliability by minimizing the number of critical components. Despite these advantages, challenges remain, particularly in achieving optimal performance across a wide range of operating conditions. Future studies will likely focus on refining control algorithms and optimizing component selection to further enhance the viability of single-stage PFC converters in diverse applications.
Cold Shrink Tube
Cold shrinkable cable accessories are made of elastomer materials (commonly used silicone rubber and ethylene-propylene rubber) injected and vulcanised in the factory, and then expanded and lined with plastic spiral supports to form various components of cable accessories. Field installation, these pre-expanded parts in the treated cable ends or joints, pull out the internal support of the plastic spiral strip (support), pressed on the cable insulation and the composition of the cable accessories. Because it is at room temperature by elastic retraction force, rather than like heat shrinkable cable accessories to be heated by fire shrinkage, so commonly known as cold shrinkable cable accessories. Early cold shrink cable termination head just additional insulation using silicone rubber cold shrink parts, electric field processing is still using stress cone type or stress band wrapping type.
Universal use of cold shrinkage stress control tube, voltage level from 10kv to 35kv. cold shrink cable joints, 1kv level using cold shrink insulation tube as reinforced insulation, 10kv level with internal and external semi-conductive shielding layer of the joints cold shrink insulation parts. Three-core cable terminal bifurcation using cold shrink branch sleeve.
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