Single-stage power factor correction switching power supply - power supply circuit - Circuit Diagram

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Abstract: In contrast to conventional two-stage PFC converters, single-stage PFC AC-DC converters utilize just one switch and one controller. This makes the application of single-stage PFC technology in low-power supplies a topic of significant contemporary research interest.

Keywords: single stage, power factor correction, circuit topology

1. Introduction

In order to minimize the grid pollution caused by internal switching power supplies found in office automation devices, computers, and home appliances, international organizations like the International Electrotechnical Commission and certain countries have implemented standards such as IEC1000-3-2 and EN61000-3-2, which impose restrictions on current harmonics. To comply with these harmonic limits, the most effective solution is active power factor correction (active PFC).

The active PFC technology that is widely adopted today typically employs a two-stage approach, consisting of an active PFC boost converter followed by a DC-DC converter, as illustrated in the figure below.

However, the single-stage PFC approach offers several advantages over its two-stage counterpart. It simplifies the overall design, reduces component count, and lowers the cost of manufacturing. Furthermore, it minimizes energy losses and improves efficiency, making it particularly appealing for low-power applications.

Despite these benefits, implementing single-stage PFC in low-power supplies presents unique challenges. Engineers must carefully balance the trade-offs between efficiency, cost, and performance while ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards. Additionally, advancements in semiconductor technology, such as improved MOSFETs and controllers, are driving further innovation in this field.

As the demand for compact, energy-efficient power supplies continues to grow, the adoption of single-stage PFC solutions is expected to increase. This shift not only addresses environmental concerns but also aligns with the growing need for sustainable, high-performance electronic devices. Future research will likely focus on optimizing the performance of single-stage PFC converters and exploring new materials and technologies to enhance their capabilities.