Field effect transistor 
Now more and more electronic circuits are using field effect transistors, especially in the audio field. Field effect tubes are different from transistors. It is a voltage control device (transistor is a current control device), and its characteristics are more like Electron tube, it has a high input impedance, a large power gain, because it is a voltage control device, so the noise is small, and its structure diagram is shown in Ca.
The field effect transistor is a unipolar transistor, it has only one PN junction, under the state of zero bias, it is conductive, if you add a between its gate (G) and source (S) Reverse bias (called gate bias) under the effect of a reverse electric field, the PN becomes thicker (called the depletion region), the channel becomes narrower, and its drain current will become smaller, (as shown in Figure C1-b), reverse bias When the voltage reaches a certain level, the depletion region will completely channel "pinch off". At this time, the field effect tube enters the cut-off state as shown in Figure Cc. At this time, the reverse bias voltage is called pinch-off voltage, which is represented by Vpo , Which is close to the gate voltage Vgs and the drain-source voltage Vds can be expressed as Vpo = Vps + | Vgs |, where | Vgs | is the absolute value of Vgs.
When manufacturing a field effect transistor, if a thin insulating layer is added to the channel before the gate material is added, it will greatly reduce the gate current and greatly increase its input impedance. With the presence of this insulating layer, the field effect tube can work in a positive bias state.We call this field effect tube an insulated gate field effect tube, also known as a MOS field effect tube, so there are two types of field effect tubes. One is an insulated gate field effect tube, which can work in reverse bias, zero bias, and forward bias states, and one is a junction gate effect tube, which can only work in reverse bias state.
Insulated gate field effect transistors are divided into two types: enhancement type and depletion type, we call the depletion type field effect tube under normal conditions, and the enhancement type effect tube is disconnected under normal conditions. Field effect tube characteristics: When Vgs = 0, Id (drain current) = 0, only when Vgs increases to a certain value, it starts to conduct, and there is a drain current. It is also called the gate source when the drain current starts to appear. The voltage Vgs is the turn-on voltage.
The characteristics of the depletion field effect transistor, it can work under positive or negative gate-source voltage (positive or negative bias), and there is basically no gate current (very high input resistance) on the gate.
Junction gate field effect transistors can use insulated gate field effect transistors for circuits, but insulated gate enhanced field effect transistors cannot be replaced by junction gate field effect transistors.
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