Zinc is a vital trace element that plays a crucial role in the body, particularly as a component of various enzymes. It directly influences the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, which are essential for growth and development. Children and adolescents, who are in a critical phase of physical and mental development, are especially sensitive to zinc levels. A deficiency in zinc can lead to a range of health issues, including stunted growth, delayed skeletal development, poor weight gain, underdeveloped reproductive organs, and in girls, irregular or absent menstruation. Additionally, it may affect cognitive development and even contribute to dwarfism in severe cases.
Studies using automatic microelement analyzers have shown that about 8% of children aged 7 to 13 years have low zinc levels in their hair. These children often exhibit lower height and weight compared to their peers, along with reduced appetite and a diminished sense of taste. When these children are given zinc-rich foods, their eating habits and growth improve, and their zinc levels return to normal. This clearly highlights the importance of zinc in supporting healthy growth and development.
The daily requirement for zinc in children is between 5 to 13 milligrams, which can usually be met through a balanced diet. However, in certain regions where food sources like grains and vegetables are low in zinc, or when diets are overly processed, zinc deficiency can occur. If a child shows symptoms such as poor appetite, loss of taste, frequent diarrhea, slow growth, thinning hair, pallor, or delayed wound healing, it may be a sign of zinc deficiency. In such cases, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for a blood test to check zinc levels.
Foods such as pork, beef, and egg yolks are rich in zinc. For those with zinc deficiency, increasing the intake of these foods can help restore balance. Research has also shown that serum zinc levels in infants vary with age. Newborns typically have levels similar to adults (around 83 micrograms per 100 ml of serum), but these levels drop significantly in the first few days after birth. They continue to decrease until around 2 to 3 months of age, then gradually rise again. By the time a child reaches 1 to 12-13 months, serum zinc levels may dip slightly before returning to adult levels by the age of two. Throughout other developmental stages, serum zinc levels remain relatively stable, close to adult levels.
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