Zinc is one of the essential trace elements in the human body and plays a crucial role in many biological processes. As an important component of enzymes, it directly influences the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, which are fundamental to growth and development. Children and adolescents, who are in a period of rapid physical and mental development, are especially vulnerable to zinc deficiency. A lack of zinc can lead to various health issues, including delayed growth, skeletal abnormalities, poor weight gain, underdeveloped reproductive organs, delayed secondary sexual characteristics, irregular menstrual cycles in girls, and even stunted growth or dwarfism.
Studies using automatic trace element analyzers have shown that approximately 8% of children aged 7 to 13 years have low levels of zinc in their hair. These children often exhibit lower height and weight compared to their peers, along with poor appetite and reduced sensitivity to food taste. When they are given zinc-rich foods, their eating habits and growth improve, and their zinc levels return to normal. This highlights the importance of zinc in supporting healthy growth and development in children.
The daily recommended intake of zinc for children is between 5 and 13 milligrams. Most children can meet this requirement through a balanced diet. However, in certain regions where food sources like grains and vegetables are low in zinc, or in cases of over-processing of food, zinc deficiency may occur. If a child shows symptoms such as poor appetite, loss of taste, frequent diarrhea, slow growth, thinning hair, pale skin, or delayed wound healing, it may be related to zinc deficiency. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a blood test to determine if zinc levels are within the normal range.
Foods rich in zinc include red meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, and shellfish. For those diagnosed with zinc deficiency, increasing the consumption of these foods can help restore adequate levels. Research has also shown that serum zinc levels in infants vary with age. At birth, zinc levels are similar to adults, but they drop significantly in the first few days, then gradually increase after four months. By the time a child reaches 12 to 13 months, levels may dip again before rising to adult levels by the age of two. Throughout other developmental stages, zinc levels generally remain stable.
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