Linux is a powerful and open-source operating system that can run on a wide range of devices, from large servers to small embedded systems and even handhelds. With its growing maturity, stability, and the inherent advantages of being open source, Linux has gained widespread global adoption. Many enterprises now use hybrid systems that combine UNIX, Linux, and Windows environments. As a result, data exchange between different systems often becomes necessary. In this article, I will share my hands-on experience on how to mount CD image files, external hard drives, USB flash drives, Windows network shares, and UNIX NFS network shares under a Linux system.
Mounting in Linux refers to the process of attaching a storage device or file system to a specific directory, allowing it to be accessed as part of the root file system. This operation is essential for accessing any file system other than the root one. The concept of mounting involves linking a partition or a file system to a designated mount point, which acts as an access point for that file system.
**What is Mounting?**
To access files outside the root file system, they must be "mounted" onto a directory within the root. This process is called "mounting," and the directory where it is attached is known as the "mount point." When a file system is mounted, the contents of the original directory are hidden, and the new file system becomes accessible through the mount point. Unmounting is the reverse process, where the connection is broken.
**Key Concepts of Mounting:**
1. **Mount**: The act of associating a file system with a directory on the root file system to enable access.
2. **Mount Point**: A directory that serves as the entry point for another file system. It should:
- Already exist.
- Not be used by other processes.
- Hide the original content when mounted.
**The `mount` Command**
The `mount` command is central to this process. Its basic syntax is:
`mount [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir`
- `-t vfstype`: Specifies the file system type (e.g., `iso9660`, `vfat`, `nfs`). Usually, Linux detects it automatically.
- `-o options`: Defines how the device is mounted (e.g., `loop`, `ro`, `rw`, `iocharset`).
- `device`: The actual storage device or file to be mounted.
- `dir`: The directory where the device will be mounted.
**Mounting a CD Image File**
1. **Creating a CD Image from a Physical CD**
Insert the CD into the drive and run:
```bash
# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/home/sunky/mydisk.iso
```
This creates a `.iso` image of the CD.
2. **Creating a CD Image from Files**
Use the `mkisofs` command to generate an ISO file from a directory:
```bash
# mkisofs -r -J -V mydisk -o /home/sunky/mydisk.iso /home/sunky/mydir
```
This creates an ISO image named `mydisk.iso` from the contents of `/home/sunky/mydir`.
3. **Mounting the CD Image**
First, create a mount point:
```bash
# mkdir /mnt/vcdrom
```
Then, mount the image using the loop option:
```bash
# mount -o loop -t iso9660 /home/sunky/mydisk.iso /mnt/vcdrom
```
After this, all files in the ISO image become accessible via `/mnt/vcdrom`.
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