Tags: led energy saving
In depicting the LED industry, many people seem to have seen a bright future. "It is expected that in 2015, LED's market share in China's lighting market will reach 20%, and the industry scale will reach 500 billion yuan. China will enter the global LED industry. The top three lighting market." Has the street lighting entered the LED era, is it necessary to replace the LED street lights on a large scale?
The output value of 500 billion yuan is Xiangxiong?
In May 2009, the Ministry of Science and Technology organized the adoption of LED demonstration projects for municipal lighting as its carrier, selected 10 cities, and each city promoted the use of LED function lighting of more than 10,000 units. This plan is called "Ten City Ten Thousand Miles." . Since then, more and more cities have joined the plan. However, today, the promotion of LED street lamps has received many questions.
42 City Participates in “Ten Thousand Citiesâ€
In 2010 and November, the Asian Games in Guangzhou, whether it was the opening ceremony or the closing ceremony, the "feast of the feast" was amazing.
Obviously, the Guangzhou Asian Games will push the LED peak. For a time, words such as “greenâ€, “energy savingâ€, and “high-tech†have almost become synonymous with LEDs, and LED lights shine everywhere.
“Since last year, the domestic LED market has suddenly been extremely optimistic. Domestic and overseas investment and mergers have accelerated the process of integrating upstream and downstream businesses. State-owned capital and private capital have also entered.†At a press conference held at the Guangzhou International Lighting Fair recently, one Insiders quietly said: "Traditional lighting companies have even spotted this piece of land that has not been fully developed, and all types of LED lighting products flooded the market for a time."
This is another round of new LED investment after the Ministry of Science and Technology promulgated the “Ten Thousand Cities†in 2009. According to the plan of 2 years ago, the “Ten City Wanhao†semiconductor lighting application project aims to: Apply 6 million LED lighting products to municipal projects in pilot cities by 2011, and directly stimulate domestic demand by 15 billion yuan; by 2015, LED will enter. 30% of the general lighting market. In fact, the whole country is now not only the “Ten Citiesâ€, but according to the data at the end of 2010, 42 cities including Guangzhou have been included in the plan.
Get together and change lights "not science"
"If you ask me the same question now, I still use the same advice to promote LED street lights must be careful, can not be hot!" Openly to the LED lights pouring cold water, is the representative from the People's Congress of China Southern Power Grid Xin waterfall, presented during the two sessions After the dissent, he reiterated to the reporter of the Yangcheng Evening News that he could not be rushed.
“At present, the promotion of LED street lamps in every domestic city has formed a trend. Everyone thinks that it is a new energy-saving technology,†Xin Pu analysis pointed out. “Under the same lighting intensity, LED street lamps are actually not more energy-efficient than high-pressure sodium lamps. Together with the current The specifications of the factory's led lamps vary widely, and they can be troublesome to maintain or replace, because they are not as completely standardized as high-pressure sodium lamps. It is easy to buy replacement products when the original lamp is broken."
Xin Bao bluntly: "Actually, as far as I know, these are some foreign companies with patented LED technology to promote lobbying, only they have mastered the core technology of LED, if we promote the large-scale domestic, it is profitable."
Xin Pu is not an industry insider who stopped the LED street light. Chen Yansheng, Chairman of the China Lighting Association, repeatedly reminded “overheating†at the press conference of Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition: “The LED application is very extensive. There are rear projection screens for TV monitors, landscape lights with exterior walls, and automotive lighting. In the brake lights and so on. But for street lighting, we need to know scientifically."
As an industry association expert, Chen Yansheng pointed out his own concerns: “In street lighting, high-pressure sodium and high-pressure mercury are now used. High-pressure mercury does not contain mercury and can be replaced. However, high-pressure sodium is green and energy-efficient. The efficiency is high, it doesn't need to be replaced at all.Now in many cities, in order to develop the LED industry, all the street lights are replaced with LED street lights. This is in itself unscientific.â€
The price is high because the standards are not uniform
Xin Pu and Chen Yansheng’s concerns are not unreasonable.
For a long time, the main reason why LED market promotion is difficult is that the price of LED lighting products is too high.
Kunming City openly opposed the installation of LED street lights. In September last year, the city used data to prove that the price issue was in Kunming. The cost of installing street lamps was 15,000 yuan each, including lighting equipment worth about 2,000 yuan, as well as all costs for cables, installation, and labor. For an LED street light, a single lighting device requires 5000-7000 yuan, and all of them need about 1.8-2 million yuan for installation.
The case of Kunming only stated that the cost of installing LED street lamps was high. However, there is still a large amount of money to be calculated next. The cost of LED lights is high, and maintenance is expensive. The fact that LED lighting is recognized by the lighting industry is that, in addition to the lamp, there are light poles and chips, and the price of a set of LED lights must be more than 2,000 yuan. "The headache is maintenance, because there is no uniform LED lamp standard. All manufacturers produce their own, self-reliance standards." An industry source revealed, "Some LED lamp head is broken, look for manufacturers to change. However, the manufacturers do not necessarily produce this model The street lamp had to be replaced with the lamp post. If the heat is not good, it's a pot end."
The development of "a swarm of bees" is worrying
"Everyone has been developing LEDs when they are looking at the "incandescent lamp elimination" program." Chen Yansheng pointed out that the European Commission proposed in March 2007 to phase out incandescent light bulbs by the end of 2012, China also plans in 2013 Before all the incandescent lamps were eliminated, "But the elimination of incandescent lamps does not mean replacing them with LEDs."
Budding development not only attracted companies without experience in producing lighting products, but also attracted a sharp transformation of traditional lighting companies. “The threshold of the industry is very low. At present, there are more than 3,000 LED lighting production companies in China, but 70% of them are concentrated in the downstream integrated applications.†An insider who did not want to be named pointed out: According to the LED production process, LED The industry can be divided into three parts: upstream epitaxial wafer production, midstream chip manufacturing, and downstream chip packaging. Among them, upstream and midstream technologies have high technical content, high capital investment density, and intense competition, but can account for 70% of the industry's profits. “Now, high-end The chip, more than 80% from abroad or Taiwan; downstream packaging profits only about 10% -20%, but most of our LED companies are concentrated."
“There is no uniform standard for LED lighting. There are serious phenomena in the market. Some cottage companies rent a small factory, hire a few workers, and buy an accessory is an LED factory.†He also pointed out that “At present, LED lighting energy-saving Subsidies are paid by the cities themselves, so they generally prefer to subsidize local LED companies. It is also an open secret in the industry."
What's even worse is that the explosive growth of LED has brought common problems such as detection technology and standard formulation. At present, the products lack a complete industry standard and the quality is uneven.
Extended reading:
2012-6-6 9:58:30 Source: Yangcheng Evening News
In depicting the LED industry, many people seem to have seen a bright future. "It is expected that in 2015, LED's market share in China's lighting market will reach 20%, and the industry scale will reach 500 billion yuan. China will enter the global LED industry. The top three lighting market." Has the street lighting entered the LED era, is it necessary to replace the LED street lights on a large scale?
The output value of 500 billion yuan is Xiangxiong?
In May 2009, the Ministry of Science and Technology organized the adoption of LED demonstration projects for municipal lighting as its carrier, selected 10 cities, and each city promoted the use of LED function lighting of more than 10,000 units. This plan is called "Ten City Ten Thousand Miles." . Since then, more and more cities have joined the plan. However, today, the promotion of LED street lamps has received many questions.
42 City Participates in “Ten Thousand Citiesâ€
In 2010 and November, the Asian Games in Guangzhou, whether it was the opening ceremony or the closing ceremony, the "feast of the feast" was amazing.
Obviously, the Guangzhou Asian Games will push the LED peak. For a time, words such as “greenâ€, “energy savingâ€, and “high-tech†have almost become synonymous with LEDs, and LED lights shine everywhere.
“Since last year, the domestic LED market has suddenly been extremely optimistic. Domestic and overseas investment and mergers have accelerated the process of integrating upstream and downstream businesses. State-owned capital and private capital have also entered.†At a press conference held at the Guangzhou International Lighting Fair recently, one Insiders quietly said: "Traditional lighting companies have even spotted this piece of land that has not been fully developed, and all types of LED lighting products flooded the market for a time."
This is another round of new LED investment after the Ministry of Science and Technology promulgated the “Ten Thousand Cities†in 2009. According to the plan of 2 years ago, the “Ten City Wanhao†semiconductor lighting application project aims to: Apply 6 million LED lighting products to municipal projects in pilot cities by 2011, and directly stimulate domestic demand by 15 billion yuan; by 2015, LED will enter. 30% of the general lighting market. In fact, the whole country is now not only the “Ten Citiesâ€, but according to the data at the end of 2010, 42 cities including Guangzhou have been included in the plan.
Get together and change lights "not science"
"If you ask me the same question now, I still use the same advice to promote LED street lights must be careful, can not be hot!" Openly to the LED lights pouring cold water, is the representative from the People's Congress of China Southern Power Grid Xin waterfall, presented during the two sessions After the dissent, he reiterated to the reporter of the Yangcheng Evening News that he could not be rushed.
“At present, the promotion of LED street lamps in every domestic city has formed a trend. Everyone thinks that it is a new energy-saving technology,†Xin Pu analysis pointed out. “Under the same lighting intensity, LED street lamps are actually not more energy-efficient than high-pressure sodium lamps. Together with the current The specifications of the factory's led lamps vary widely, and they can be troublesome to maintain or replace, because they are not as completely standardized as high-pressure sodium lamps. It is easy to buy replacement products when the original lamp is broken."
Xin Bao bluntly: "Actually, as far as I know, these are some foreign companies with patented LED technology to promote lobbying, only they have mastered the core technology of LED, if we promote the large-scale domestic, it is profitable."
Xin Pu is not an industry insider who stopped the LED street light. Chen Yansheng, Chairman of the China Lighting Association, repeatedly reminded “overheating†at the press conference of Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition: “The LED application is very extensive. There are rear projection screens for TV monitors, landscape lights with exterior walls, and automotive lighting. In the brake lights and so on. But for street lighting, we need to know scientifically."
As an industry association expert, Chen Yansheng pointed out his own concerns: “In street lighting, high-pressure sodium and high-pressure mercury are now used. High-pressure mercury does not contain mercury and can be replaced. However, high-pressure sodium is green and energy-efficient. The efficiency is high, it doesn't need to be replaced at all.Now in many cities, in order to develop the LED industry, all the street lights are replaced with LED street lights. This is in itself unscientific.â€
The price is high because the standards are not uniform
Xin Pu and Chen Yansheng’s concerns are not unreasonable.
For a long time, the main reason why LED market promotion is difficult is that the price of LED lighting products is too high.
Kunming City openly opposed the installation of LED street lights. In September last year, the city used data to prove that the price issue was in Kunming. The cost of installing street lamps was 15,000 yuan each, including lighting equipment worth about 2,000 yuan, as well as all costs for cables, installation, and labor. For an LED street light, a single lighting device requires 5000-7000 yuan, and all of them need about 1.8-2 million yuan for installation.
The case of Kunming only stated that the cost of installing LED street lamps was high. However, there is still a large amount of money to be calculated next. The cost of LED lights is high, and maintenance is expensive. The fact that LED lighting is recognized by the lighting industry is that, in addition to the lamp, there are light poles and chips, and the price of a set of LED lights must be more than 2,000 yuan. "The headache is maintenance, because there is no uniform LED lamp standard. All manufacturers produce their own, self-reliance standards." An industry source revealed, "Some LED lamp head is broken, look for manufacturers to change. However, the manufacturers do not necessarily produce this model The street lamp had to be replaced with the lamp post. If the heat is not good, it's a pot end."
The development of "a swarm of bees" is worrying
"Everyone has been developing LEDs when they are looking at the "incandescent lamp elimination" program." Chen Yansheng pointed out that the European Commission proposed in March 2007 to phase out incandescent light bulbs by the end of 2012, China also plans in 2013 Before all the incandescent lamps were eliminated, "But the elimination of incandescent lamps does not mean replacing them with LEDs."
Budding development not only attracted companies without experience in producing lighting products, but also attracted a sharp transformation of traditional lighting companies. “The threshold of the industry is very low. At present, there are more than 3,000 LED lighting production companies in China, but 70% of them are concentrated in the downstream integrated applications.†An insider who did not want to be named pointed out: According to the LED production process, LED The industry can be divided into three parts: upstream epitaxial wafer production, midstream chip manufacturing, and downstream chip packaging. Among them, upstream and midstream technologies have high technical content, high capital investment density, and intense competition, but can account for 70% of the industry's profits. “Now, high-end The chip, more than 80% from abroad or Taiwan; downstream packaging profits only about 10% -20%, but most of our LED companies are concentrated."
“There is no uniform standard for LED lighting. There are serious phenomena in the market. Some cottage companies rent a small factory, hire a few workers, and buy an accessory is an LED factory.†He also pointed out that “At present, LED lighting energy-saving Subsidies are paid by the cities themselves, so they generally prefer to subsidize local LED companies. It is also an open secret in the industry."
What's even worse is that the explosive growth of LED has brought common problems such as detection technology and standard formulation. At present, the products lack a complete industry standard and the quality is uneven.
Extended reading:
2012-6-6 9:58:30 Source: Yangcheng Evening News
Rectifier Diode A semiconductor device used to convert alternating current into direct current. The most important characteristic of a diode is its unidirectional conductivity. In the circuit, current can only flow from the positive pole of the diode and the negative pole flows out. Usually it contains a PN junction with two terminals, positive and negative. Its structure is shown in the figure. The carriers in the P region are holes, and the carriers in the N region are electrons, forming a certain barrier in the P region and the N region. When the applied voltage makes the P region positive with respect to the N region, the barrier is lowered, and the storage carriers are generated near the two sides of the barrier, which can pass a large current and have a low voltage drop (typically 0.7V), which is called positive. Wizard status. If the opposite voltage is applied, the barrier is increased to withstand a high reverse voltage, and a small reverse current (called reverse leakage current) is called a reverse blocking state. The rectifier diode has significant unidirectional conductivity. The rectifier diode can be fabricated from materials such as semiconductor germanium or silicon. The silicon rectifier diode has a high breakdown voltage, a small reverse leakage current, and good high temperature performance. Usually high-voltage and high-power rectifier diodes are made of high-purity single crystal silicon (it is easy to reverse breakdown when doping more). This device has a large junction area and can pass a large current (up to thousands of amps), but the operating frequency is not high, generally below several tens of kilohertz. Rectifier diodes are mainly used in various low-frequency half-wave rectification circuits. If full-wave rectification is required, they must be connected to a Rectifier Bridge.
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