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Abstract: The output characteristics of solar photovoltaic arrays are strongly nonlinear due to the influence of the external environment. To enhance the overall efficiency of the system, one crucial method is to adjust the operating point of the photovoltaic cells in real-time and implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT), ensuring that the system operates close to the maximum power point. Based on the analysis of the volt-ampere characteristics of solar cells, this study designs an MPPT control system using the adaptive perturbation observation algorithm with the TMS320F2812 microcontroller. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can accurately track the maximum power point under the control of this algorithm.

Keywords: photovoltaic cell; maximum power tracking; maximum power point tracking; TMS320F2812

O Introduction: As the process of economic globalization accelerates and the industrial economy develops rapidly, the energy crisis has become an urgent issue for humanity. It is imperative to vigorously develop new alternative energy sources. Solar energy, as an inexhaustible source of green energy, offers numerous advantages such as cleanliness, safety, abundant resources, long lifespan, and minimal maintenance. Despite these benefits, photovoltaic power generation still faces challenges in practical applications. One major drawback is the low photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar arrays. To address this issue, a key approach is to adjust the operating point of photovoltaic cells in real-time and implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to ensure operation near the maximum power point. Currently, the maximum power point tracking problem in photovoltaic systems has become a hot topic in academic research.

The emergence of high-performance digital signal processing chips (DSPs) has made it possible to apply advanced control strategies to photovoltaic power generation control systems. In this context, this paper utilizes the TMS320F2812 chip produced by Texas Instruments (TI) to control and conduct theoretical and experimental research on solar power generation systems, which holds significant practical importance.

1 Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cells: The output characteristics of solar cells are nonlinear and influenced by factors such as light intensity and ambient temperature. Figure 1 shows the equivalent circuit of a solar cell. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the IV and PV characteristics of photovoltaic cells at different temperatures and sunlight intensities, respectively.

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