As an indispensable part of the basic manufacturing process, welding is an accurate and reliable method of material joining. The level of welding technology and automation reflects the level of national industrial development. Today's welding equipment faces upgrades from manual to semi-automatic to automated and intelligent, with welding robots being the product of the wave of upgrades.
At present, our country has become the world's largest producer and exporter of welding equipment, with capacity exceeding demand. However, the degree of welding automation in the manufacturing industry is still relatively low. The automation welding equipment (including welding robots ) in enterprises only accounts for about 15% of the total welding equipment, which is far from the 80% of developed industrial countries such as Germany and Japan. In the next few decades, the demand for welding automation equipment in the manufacturing industry will increase significantly. In particular, shipbuilding, automobiles, locomotives, metallurgical equipment, pressure vessels and other manufacturing industries need to be equipped with welding equipment with high degree of automation and excellent performance. As a trend in the development of welding automation, welding robots have an optimistic market outlook.
According to the statistics of the International Federation of Industrial Robots , in 2005, there were about 920,000 industrial robots in service worldwide, and Japan occupied the first place of about 500,000. The United States and Germany ranked second and third, and China has a large gap in this respect. The "12th Five-Year Plan for Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Development" and the "12th Five-Year Plan for Service Robot Technology Development" clearly stated that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus on industrial and service robots as strategic emerging industries. .
Welding robot technology is the application of industrial robot technology in the field of welding. It can control the welding end action and welding process according to the preset program, and can be reprogrammed in different occasions. Its application is to increase welding productivity, improve quality stability and reduce costs. Welding robots can replace the welding tasks of human beings in special environments (such as danger, pollution, etc.), and simple and monotonous and repetitive tasks, thus liberating labor and improving productivity; effectively reducing the technical difficulty of workers, and welding accuracy High, reliable and stable, yet flexible.
However, the welding robot has strict requirements on the accuracy of the workpiece fixture , the surface cleanliness of the workpiece, the welding position, and the weldability.
The development of welding robots can now be divided into three generations:
The first generation of robots, the currently widely used teaching and reproducing industrial robots, have no adaptability to environmental changes.
The second generation of robots adds a sensory system to the perspective-reproducing robot to make it adaptable to the environment, such as a sensing robot.
The third-generation robot, that is, the intelligent robot , has its own development ability, can understand human instructions in a certain way, perceive the environment, identify the operation object, and plan the operation steps to complete the welding task.
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