The White Paper of China's Environmental Protection (1996-2005) published by the State Council Information Office on the 5th systematically introduced China's unremitting efforts to protect the environment in the past 10 years. It also pointed out that the environmental situation in China is still very serious.
The full text of the white paper contains more than 17,000 words, including preface, environmental protection legal system and system, industrial pollution prevention, and pollution control in key areas.
According to the white paper, since the end of the 1970s, with the sustained and rapid development of China's economy, environmental problems in stages of industrialization in developed countries in the past century have concentrated in China, and the contradiction between environment and development has become increasingly prominent. The relative shortage of resources, fragile ecological environment and insufficient environmental capacity have gradually become major issues in China's development.
The white paper pointed out that the Chinese government attaches great importance to protecting the environment and establishing environmental protection as a basic national policy, making sustainable development a major strategy. After efforts, in the case of a significant increase in resource consumption and pollutant production, the trend of increasing environmental pollution and ecological damage has slowed down. Some river basin pollution treatments have achieved initial results, and some cities and regions have improved environmental quality and industrial product pollution. The emission intensity has declined, and the awareness of environmental protection in the whole society has been further enhanced.
According to the introduction of the white paper, since 1996, the state has formulated or revised a number of environmental laws and laws closely related to environmental protection; formulated or revised more than 50 administrative regulations and issued a number of regulatory documents; relevant departments of the State Council, local people In accordance with their functions and powers, the Congress and the local people's government have formulated and promulgated more than 660 regulations and local regulations for the implementation of national environmental protection laws and administrative regulations.
China has continuously strengthened environmental law enforcement inspections and administrative law enforcement, and has carried out special actions to rectify illegal sewage companies and protect citizens' health and environmental protection for three consecutive years. It has investigated and dealt with more than 75,000 environmental violation cases in accordance with the law, and closed down 16,000 illegal sewage disposal enterprises, more than 10,000. The environmental pollution problem has been listed and supervised.
In 1998, the Chinese government upgraded the former National Environmental Protection Agency to the State Environmental Protection Administration (ministerial level). At present, there are 3,226 environmental protection administrative departments at all levels in the country. The total number of people engaged in environmental administration, monitoring, scientific research, publicity and education has reached 167,000. There are 3,854 environmental supervision and law enforcement agencies at all levels, with a total number of 50,000. Many people.
The white paper said that industrial pollution prevention is the focus of China's environmental protection work. Compared with 1995, the national unit gross domestic product (GDP) industrial wastewater, industrial chemical oxygen demand, industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial soot and industrial dust emissions decreased by 58%, 72%, 42%, 55% in 2004, respectively. And 39%. Compared with 1990, the national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP in 2004 fell by 45%.
The environmental quality of some cities in China has improved significantly. Compared with 1996, the proportion of cities with air quality reaching the national secondary standard increased by 31 percentage points in 2005, and the proportion of cities with air quality worse than the national third-level standard decreased by 39 percentage points.
According to the white paper, in recent years, the state has solved the drinking water difficulties and insecurity problems of more than 67 million rural people. At present, there are more than 400 national ecological agricultural construction counties. The state also vigorously develops and promotes new rural energy sources.
The ecological environment in some areas of China has begun to improve. The area of ​​afforestation has exceeded 6.67 million hectares for four consecutive years since 2002. At present, the national forest area is 175 million hectares and the forest coverage rate is 18.21%. By the end of 2005, 2,349 nature reserves of various types and at all levels had been established nationwide, covering an area of ​​1.5 million square kilometers, accounting for about 15% of the land area of ​​the land.
According to the white paper, the past 10 years have been the period in which China's environmental protection investment has increased the most. After efforts, a multi-environmental investment and financing system led by the government has been initially established. From 1996 to 2004, China's environmental pollution control investment reached 952.27 billion yuan, accounting for 1.0% of GDP during the same period. In 2006, environmental protection expenditure subjects were formally incorporated into the national budget.
China has extended its environmental impact assessment system from construction projects to various development and construction plans. China also attaches importance to and continuously enhances the support of science and technology for environmental protection and actively promotes the process of environmental protection industrialization.
The white paper said that civil society organizations and environmental volunteers are important forces for public participation in environmental protection. China currently has more than 1,000 non-government environmental organizations.
According to the white paper, China has participated in more than 50 international treaties on environmental protection, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Fulfilling the obligations under these treaties.
The white paper says that the Chinese government and the Chinese people have made great efforts to protect the environment, but the environmental situation is still very serious. Environmental pollution and ecological deterioration in some areas are still quite serious. The discharge of major pollutants exceeds the environmental carrying capacity, water, land and soil are seriously polluted, and solid waste, automobile exhaust, and persistent organic matter increase. In the first 20 years of the new century, the pressure on environmental protection is growing.
The white paper said that China has clearly proposed the main goal of environmental protection in the next five years: by 2010, while maintaining a steady and rapid growth of the national economy, the environmental quality of key areas and cities will be improved, and the deterioration of the ecological environment will be basically curbed. The energy consumption per unit of GDP is about 20% lower than the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Planâ€; the total discharge of major pollutants is reduced by 10%; the forest coverage rate is increased from 18.2% to 20%.
The white paper emphasizes: "As a responsible large developing country, solving environmental problems and meeting China's development goals is the well-being of the 1.3 billion Chinese people and an important embodiment of the common interests of mankind. The Chinese government and people will work with governments around the world. The people work together to protect the beautiful earth home."
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