The intensive development of the power industry is an objective requirement for sustained, rapid, coordinated, and healthy development of the national economy and improvement of social and economic benefits. The sustained, rapid, coordinated, and healthy development of the national economy requires that China must optimize its power development model. Building UHV power grid is the only way to optimize power development mode
The development of UHV is an inevitable requirement for the development of China's power industry to a certain stage. The construction of ultra-high voltage power grids and the intensification of power grid construction can achieve unified optimization of the national power grid, improve the optimal allocation of energy resources to the grid and its safety and reliability, and promote the coordinated development of power grids and power supplies.
Water resources are limited by natural conditions and must be developed on the spot. According to the distribution of hydropower resources, China has established a development strategy for the construction of a cascade hydropower station in the river basin. China's coal resources are relatively concentrated, and lignite and low-quality coal account for a large proportion, and are also suitable for the construction of power stations. Electricity is used for centralized development and delivery. This is consistent with the relevant research findings of the United States, the former Soviet Union and other countries on the development of large coal-fired power bases. During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China plans to build 13 large-scale coal bases such as Shendong, Shaanxi, and Mengxi. Most of these coal bases have the conditions to build large-scale coal and electricity bases. Large hydropower and thermal power bases are far away from the power load center. Build UHV power grids and give full play to UHV transmission technology's advantages in long-distance, large-capacity, and low-loss power transmission. On the one hand, it can effectively solve the power outsourcing problem of power bases; on the other hand, it can guide the optimization of power supply layout and promote large-scale Power base development. At the same time, the construction of UHV power grids is also conducive to expediting the development and utilization of Xinjiang thermal power and hydropower in Tibet. It is also possible to integrate power generation energy resources from neighboring countries such as Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan into the Chinese market for distribution and to meet domestic energy demand.
The continuous improvement of China's power grid construction and technical equipment has laid a foundation for the development of UHV power grids. Through the construction of 750 kV AC and ±500 kV DC transmission projects, the domestic manufacturing technology of power transmission and transformation equipment and localization capabilities have been continuously improved, and accumulated rich experience and research results for the independent development of UHV transmission technologies. In the international arena, the United States, the former Soviet Union, Italy, Japan and other countries have successively carried out research and practice of UHV transmission, which provides us with experience that we can learn from. The special investigation and study conducted by the China Federation of Machinery Industry and the State Grid Corporation of China shows that the exchange of UHV equipment based on domestic can be realized domestically; DC UHV, some of the main equipment and control and protection equipment, etc. can be completely domesticated, change the rheology Some key equipment, such as the introduction of technology, joint development, and cooperation in manufacturing can be followed. Therefore, it is technically feasible to build UHV power grids in China. UHV power grid construction has significant economic benefits
UHV transmission has low cost and is economically reasonable in long-distance transmission. The research results of the United States and the former Soviet Union show that the investment for a 1000-kilovolt transmission line is approximately 0.6-0.7 for a transmission line with a capacity of 500 kilovolts; the results of a Japanese study indicate that the corridor width of a 1,000-kV line is only 1/500 kV. 4 to 1/2. China has made the same comprehensive comparison of economic indicators such as natural power, cost, and transmission corridors. The conclusion is that the investment per unit of transmission capacity of the 1000 kV AC transmission scheme is about 73% of the 500 kV AC transmission scheme. The comparison conclusion for DC UHV is that the investment per unit transmission capacity of the ±800 kV DC transmission scheme is approximately 72% of the ±500 kV DC transmission scheme. In addition, transmission from another perspective is one of the effective ways to transport coal resources. Relevant studies have shown that within a range of 2,000 kilometers, it is more economical to build power plants at coal bases through UHV transmission to load centers than to build power plants directly in load centers. It is estimated that the electricity prices of the main coal power and hydropower bases transmitted through the UHV power grid will be lower than the on-grid tariffs of local new coal-fired power plants. Therefore, UHV AC and DC transmission technologies have significant market competitiveness.
UHV power grids can achieve greater networking benefits. China has a vast territory, a large time difference between East and West, and there are significant seasonal differences between North and South China. There are large differences in load characteristics and power supply structure in different regions. Such geographical characteristics objectively determine the existence of grid-connected benefits such as peak shifts, peaks and peaks adjustments, water and fire interactions, cross-basin compensation adjustments, mutual back-ups, and adjustments for gaps between China's power grids. According to preliminary estimates, by 2020, through the networking benefits acquired by each other as backup and water and fire interactions, the reserve capacity can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the installed capacity by about 20 million kilowatts, saving about 82.3 billion yuan in investment in power supply construction; due to regional coal price differences Under the national networking method, the thermal power capacity of Nortel Nanxun can reach 55 million kilowatts. Compared with the separate operation of the regional power grids, the annual cost of burning coal is reduced by approximately 24 billion yuan; through large-scale interregional water and fire, it can be improved. The proportion of runoff hydropower stations in hydropower installation reduces the cost of power construction. In addition, the construction of UHV power grids can effectively reduce the short-circuit current of 500 kV power grids and reduce the cost of retrofitting 500 kV power grids. According to calculations, from the present to the 15 years of 2020, the construction of a 500 kV power grid within the power supply range of the State Grid Corporation of UHV power grids can save the power grid transformation investment by 211 to 3.1 billion yuan. The construction of UHV power grid has good social benefits. First, it is to achieve independent innovation. General Secretary Hu Jintao repeatedly stressed that independent innovation capability is a decisive factor in the development of a country’s scientific and technological undertakings, is the core of national competitiveness, is an important foundation for strengthening the country and enriching people, and is an important guarantee for national security; The prominent position of scientific and technological work has made improving independent innovation capabilities a central link in promoting structural adjustment, transforming economic growth patterns, and improving national competitiveness. It is necessary to vigorously enhance scientific and technological innovation capabilities, vigorously enhance its core competitiveness, and continuously explore and evolve a modern and adaptable environment. The requirements for economic and technological development are also suitable for the new type of industrialization in our country. The construction of ultra-high voltage power grids to promote technological upgrading of the power industry through technological advancement and independent innovation, to achieve intensive development of the power grid, and to promote the development of related industries, is a major measure for the power industry to implement the scientific concept of development. Grasping the favorable opportunity for the rapid development of China's power grids, relying on the UHV power transmission as a major technology, with the help of hundreds of billions of market scales, through the organization of technological breakthroughs, implementation of pilot demonstration projects, and the introduction of some key technologies and the improvement of digestion, Greatly improve the independent innovation capability of China's transmission technology and equipment, and greatly enhance its international competitiveness.
The second is to save land resources. In recent years, the site and the transmission corridor have become increasingly tense, and the cost of power transmission construction and demolition and other power grid construction has increased dramatically. The transmission power of an AC 1000 kV UHV line is equivalent to the transmission capacity of 4 to 5 AC 500 kV EHV lines. From the perspective of the utilization efficiency of land resources, the transmission capacity of UHV unit corridors is approximately 500 kV of the same type. Three times the line can significantly reduce the number of transmission lines and save valuable land resources. In addition, the construction of a large-scale coal-electric power base in the western region can make use of the more abundant land resources in the west to replace the precious land resources in the east, realize the optimization of industrial layout nationwide, and increase the intensive use of land resources.
The third is to play an environmental protection benefit. According to the guidelines for environmental and economic evaluation of projects of the Asian Development Bank, the environmental loss of air pollution emissions from coal-fired power plants is related to the population and economic development of the power plant area. The population density is high and the level of economic development is high, resulting in large losses. Build a UHV grid to transport the southwest hydropower and Shanxi-Shaanxi-Munning coal-fired power to the central-to-eastern load center, and reduce the construction of coal-fired power plants in the central and eastern China. While improving the environmental protection pressure in the electricity-receiving area, it can also reduce the atmospheric pressure in China. Overall environmental damage caused by pollution.
Fourth, it is conducive to the intensive development and utilization of coal resources. At present, China's coal resources are low in production rate, coal quality is poor, and coal washing rates need to be improved. At the same time, there are still problems such as low concentration of coal industry and short industrial chain. The construction of UHV power grids is conducive to solving the current problems in the coal industry: First, in the areas with abundant lignite resources, coal and electricity integration development methods are adopted, and lignite resources can be effectively utilized; secondly, it is necessary for the development of large-scale coal and electric power bases. support.
The fifth is to ease the pressure on railway transportation and effectively relieve the tense situation of coal, electricity and oil transportation. The power grid is the air transportation network for energy transmission, and the railway is the ground network for transportation. The two are spatially complementary. Before and after 2020, the total capacity of coal-fired power transmission bases through the UHV power grid can reach 105 million kilowatts, which will effectively reduce the pressure on coal transportation, thereby realizing the principle of “coal transmission and transmission and complementary advantagesâ€.
The development of UHV is an inevitable requirement for the development of China's power industry to a certain stage. The construction of ultra-high voltage power grids and the intensification of power grid construction can achieve unified optimization of the national power grid, improve the optimal allocation of energy resources to the grid and its safety and reliability, and promote the coordinated development of power grids and power supplies.
Water resources are limited by natural conditions and must be developed on the spot. According to the distribution of hydropower resources, China has established a development strategy for the construction of a cascade hydropower station in the river basin. China's coal resources are relatively concentrated, and lignite and low-quality coal account for a large proportion, and are also suitable for the construction of power stations. Electricity is used for centralized development and delivery. This is consistent with the relevant research findings of the United States, the former Soviet Union and other countries on the development of large coal-fired power bases. During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China plans to build 13 large-scale coal bases such as Shendong, Shaanxi, and Mengxi. Most of these coal bases have the conditions to build large-scale coal and electricity bases. Large hydropower and thermal power bases are far away from the power load center. Build UHV power grids and give full play to UHV transmission technology's advantages in long-distance, large-capacity, and low-loss power transmission. On the one hand, it can effectively solve the power outsourcing problem of power bases; on the other hand, it can guide the optimization of power supply layout and promote large-scale Power base development. At the same time, the construction of UHV power grids is also conducive to expediting the development and utilization of Xinjiang thermal power and hydropower in Tibet. It is also possible to integrate power generation energy resources from neighboring countries such as Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan into the Chinese market for distribution and to meet domestic energy demand.
The continuous improvement of China's power grid construction and technical equipment has laid a foundation for the development of UHV power grids. Through the construction of 750 kV AC and ±500 kV DC transmission projects, the domestic manufacturing technology of power transmission and transformation equipment and localization capabilities have been continuously improved, and accumulated rich experience and research results for the independent development of UHV transmission technologies. In the international arena, the United States, the former Soviet Union, Italy, Japan and other countries have successively carried out research and practice of UHV transmission, which provides us with experience that we can learn from. The special investigation and study conducted by the China Federation of Machinery Industry and the State Grid Corporation of China shows that the exchange of UHV equipment based on domestic can be realized domestically; DC UHV, some of the main equipment and control and protection equipment, etc. can be completely domesticated, change the rheology Some key equipment, such as the introduction of technology, joint development, and cooperation in manufacturing can be followed. Therefore, it is technically feasible to build UHV power grids in China. UHV power grid construction has significant economic benefits
UHV transmission has low cost and is economically reasonable in long-distance transmission. The research results of the United States and the former Soviet Union show that the investment for a 1000-kilovolt transmission line is approximately 0.6-0.7 for a transmission line with a capacity of 500 kilovolts; the results of a Japanese study indicate that the corridor width of a 1,000-kV line is only 1/500 kV. 4 to 1/2. China has made the same comprehensive comparison of economic indicators such as natural power, cost, and transmission corridors. The conclusion is that the investment per unit of transmission capacity of the 1000 kV AC transmission scheme is about 73% of the 500 kV AC transmission scheme. The comparison conclusion for DC UHV is that the investment per unit transmission capacity of the ±800 kV DC transmission scheme is approximately 72% of the ±500 kV DC transmission scheme. In addition, transmission from another perspective is one of the effective ways to transport coal resources. Relevant studies have shown that within a range of 2,000 kilometers, it is more economical to build power plants at coal bases through UHV transmission to load centers than to build power plants directly in load centers. It is estimated that the electricity prices of the main coal power and hydropower bases transmitted through the UHV power grid will be lower than the on-grid tariffs of local new coal-fired power plants. Therefore, UHV AC and DC transmission technologies have significant market competitiveness.
UHV power grids can achieve greater networking benefits. China has a vast territory, a large time difference between East and West, and there are significant seasonal differences between North and South China. There are large differences in load characteristics and power supply structure in different regions. Such geographical characteristics objectively determine the existence of grid-connected benefits such as peak shifts, peaks and peaks adjustments, water and fire interactions, cross-basin compensation adjustments, mutual back-ups, and adjustments for gaps between China's power grids. According to preliminary estimates, by 2020, through the networking benefits acquired by each other as backup and water and fire interactions, the reserve capacity can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the installed capacity by about 20 million kilowatts, saving about 82.3 billion yuan in investment in power supply construction; due to regional coal price differences Under the national networking method, the thermal power capacity of Nortel Nanxun can reach 55 million kilowatts. Compared with the separate operation of the regional power grids, the annual cost of burning coal is reduced by approximately 24 billion yuan; through large-scale interregional water and fire, it can be improved. The proportion of runoff hydropower stations in hydropower installation reduces the cost of power construction. In addition, the construction of UHV power grids can effectively reduce the short-circuit current of 500 kV power grids and reduce the cost of retrofitting 500 kV power grids. According to calculations, from the present to the 15 years of 2020, the construction of a 500 kV power grid within the power supply range of the State Grid Corporation of UHV power grids can save the power grid transformation investment by 211 to 3.1 billion yuan. The construction of UHV power grid has good social benefits. First, it is to achieve independent innovation. General Secretary Hu Jintao repeatedly stressed that independent innovation capability is a decisive factor in the development of a country’s scientific and technological undertakings, is the core of national competitiveness, is an important foundation for strengthening the country and enriching people, and is an important guarantee for national security; The prominent position of scientific and technological work has made improving independent innovation capabilities a central link in promoting structural adjustment, transforming economic growth patterns, and improving national competitiveness. It is necessary to vigorously enhance scientific and technological innovation capabilities, vigorously enhance its core competitiveness, and continuously explore and evolve a modern and adaptable environment. The requirements for economic and technological development are also suitable for the new type of industrialization in our country. The construction of ultra-high voltage power grids to promote technological upgrading of the power industry through technological advancement and independent innovation, to achieve intensive development of the power grid, and to promote the development of related industries, is a major measure for the power industry to implement the scientific concept of development. Grasping the favorable opportunity for the rapid development of China's power grids, relying on the UHV power transmission as a major technology, with the help of hundreds of billions of market scales, through the organization of technological breakthroughs, implementation of pilot demonstration projects, and the introduction of some key technologies and the improvement of digestion, Greatly improve the independent innovation capability of China's transmission technology and equipment, and greatly enhance its international competitiveness.
The second is to save land resources. In recent years, the site and the transmission corridor have become increasingly tense, and the cost of power transmission construction and demolition and other power grid construction has increased dramatically. The transmission power of an AC 1000 kV UHV line is equivalent to the transmission capacity of 4 to 5 AC 500 kV EHV lines. From the perspective of the utilization efficiency of land resources, the transmission capacity of UHV unit corridors is approximately 500 kV of the same type. Three times the line can significantly reduce the number of transmission lines and save valuable land resources. In addition, the construction of a large-scale coal-electric power base in the western region can make use of the more abundant land resources in the west to replace the precious land resources in the east, realize the optimization of industrial layout nationwide, and increase the intensive use of land resources.
The third is to play an environmental protection benefit. According to the guidelines for environmental and economic evaluation of projects of the Asian Development Bank, the environmental loss of air pollution emissions from coal-fired power plants is related to the population and economic development of the power plant area. The population density is high and the level of economic development is high, resulting in large losses. Build a UHV grid to transport the southwest hydropower and Shanxi-Shaanxi-Munning coal-fired power to the central-to-eastern load center, and reduce the construction of coal-fired power plants in the central and eastern China. While improving the environmental protection pressure in the electricity-receiving area, it can also reduce the atmospheric pressure in China. Overall environmental damage caused by pollution.
Fourth, it is conducive to the intensive development and utilization of coal resources. At present, China's coal resources are low in production rate, coal quality is poor, and coal washing rates need to be improved. At the same time, there are still problems such as low concentration of coal industry and short industrial chain. The construction of UHV power grids is conducive to solving the current problems in the coal industry: First, in the areas with abundant lignite resources, coal and electricity integration development methods are adopted, and lignite resources can be effectively utilized; secondly, it is necessary for the development of large-scale coal and electric power bases. support.
The fifth is to ease the pressure on railway transportation and effectively relieve the tense situation of coal, electricity and oil transportation. The power grid is the air transportation network for energy transmission, and the railway is the ground network for transportation. The two are spatially complementary. Before and after 2020, the total capacity of coal-fired power transmission bases through the UHV power grid can reach 105 million kilowatts, which will effectively reduce the pressure on coal transportation, thereby realizing the principle of “coal transmission and transmission and complementary advantagesâ€.
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