[Audio Network Information]
The human ear has three main aspects of the sound, namely the loudness, tone and tone of the sound. We usually call it the three elements of sound. The three elements of sound are closely related to the size, height and quality of the sound. Therefore, understanding the three elements of sound and its impact on tuning is very important for the tuner.
1. Loudness and its impact on tuning
Loudness <br> Loudness is the subjective feeling of the human ear on the strength of the sound. Loudness is not only proportional to the logarithm of the sound intensity, but also to the frequency and waveform of the sound. The unit of loudness is song (sone). Internationally, the loudness is 1 kHz and the sound level is 40 dB. 
A large number of statistical tables show that the change in sound pressure of the human ear is that the sound intensity is increased by 10 times for each 10 dB increase in sound pressure level, so the loudness and sound pressure level have the following relationship:
Where N is the loudness (Song) and LP is the sound pressure level.
Loudness level <br> The subjective feeling of the human ear on the sound intensity can also be expressed in the loudness level. The sound level is defined as the sound pressure level of a 1 kHz pure tone of equal loudness, in phon. The 1 kHz pure tone with a sound pressure level of 40 dB has a loudness level of 40 squares and a loudness of 1 song. From the definition of loudness and loudness level, the loudness is doubled for every 10 degrees of loudness.
Table 2-1 Relationship between loudness, loudness level and sound pressure level
Equal loudness curve <br> Since loudness is a subjective feeling of the human ear to the sound intensity, when listening to pure sound of any other frequency, it sounds the same as a 1 kHz pure sound with a sound pressure level of 40 dB, although other The sound pressure level of the frequency is not 40 dB, but is also defined as 40 squares. This experimental method, which is compared with the reference sound, measures a relationship between the loudness level and the frequency and sound pressure level of a group of ordinary people who feel the same as the pure tone of different frequencies, which is called an equal-tone curve. Figure 2-1 shows the equivalent loudness curve of the International Organization for Standardization. It is a statistical result of measuring a large number of young people with normal hearing, reflecting the basic laws of human perception of loudness.
Each equal loudness curve in the curve corresponds to a fixed loudness level value, that is, the sound pressure value corresponding to the 1 kHz frequency. 
For example, if the sound pressure level corresponding to the 1 kHz frequency of curve 1 is 10 dB, then the loudness level of curve 1 is 10 squares, and the sound pressure level corresponding to the 1 kHz frequency of curve 5 is 50 dB, then the loudness of curve 5 is Level is 50...
The effect of loudness on tuning <br> Seriously analyzing the equal loudness curve will reveal the following properties:
(1) The two sounds have the same loudness level, but the strengths are not necessarily the same, they are related to frequency. For example, a 100 Hz, 50 dB tone is 40 squares, while a 1 kHz, 40 dB tone is also 40 squares, but the sound intensity differs by 10 dB. 
(2) The higher the sound pressure level, the more the equal loudness curve tends to be flat; the sound pressure level is different, and the equal loudness curve has a large difference, especially in the low frequency band. 
(3) The human ear feels the most sensitive to the sound level in the range of 3 to 4 kHz.
Through the analysis of the equal loudness curve, there are the following problems when tuning: 
(1) In the case of a large volume (large sound pressure level), it is not suitable for greatly improving or attenuating the balance of the mixer. Because the loudness curve tends to be flat at high volume, a large increase or attenuation will destroy the overall effect of the sound, unless there is a major defect in the transmission characteristic curve of the room without the room equalizer to compensate. This is handled. 
(2) In the case of a small volume (small sound pressure level), the mixer's balanced low frequency and high frequency should be appropriately increased. Since the low frequency and the high frequency have the same loudness as the intermediate frequency in the case of a small volume, a relatively large sound pressure level is required.
(3) In the process of tuning, pay special attention to the frequency band of 3 to 4 kHz, especially when tuning the vocal microphone. Because for the microphone, the 3~4 kHz sound is the overtone of the human voice, and its sound intensity is weak, but the sound of this frequency band is the most sensitive sound of the human ear, and the sound of this frequency band enhances the sense of presence. important. Enhancing this frequency band not only enhances the brightness of the sound, but also enhances the sense of presence of the sound.
Tone and its effect on tuning
Tone <br> Tone, also known as pitch, refers to the subjective feeling of the human ear on the level of sound. The pitch is mainly determined by the fundamental frequency of the sound. The higher the fundamental frequency, the higher the pitch, and it is also related to the intensity of the sound. The unit of the tone is "beauty." A tone produced by a pure tone with a frequency of 1 kHz and a sound pressure level of 40 dB is defined as 1 US. 
The pitch is generally proportional to the logarithm of the frequency. Currently, the world's universal twelve-square equal-equal scale is determined by halving the logarithm of the fundamental frequency. For each additional octave of the fundamental frequency of the sound, the music is said to raise an "octave". For example, C is 1 at 261 Hz and treble 1 at 525 Hz. When the sound pressure level is large, causing the eardrum to vibrate too much, and harmonic components appear, it will also make people feel that the tone has changed.
The effect of pitch on tuning <br> The processing of tones during tuning is mainly focused on the “shift†function of the source (CD player, VCD player). In the tuning work, the tuner should determine the appropriate tone for the individual according to the singer's situation. For example, when a baritone sings a tenor song, he often can't sing. When his low octave continues to sing and can't sing, the tuners should make appropriate according to the person's situation. Downshift (press b, press once, drop one tone) to match the voice condition of this person. Of course, in the process of downsizing or upgrading, it is best to ask the singer's own opinion first.
Voice and its effect on tuning
Tone
Tone is the subjective feeling of the human ear on the characteristics of the sound. The tone depends mainly on the spectral structure of the sound and on the loudness, duration, build-up process and decay process of the sound.
The spectral structure of the sound is described by the fundamental frequency, the number of harmonic frequencies, the harmonic distribution, the magnitude of the amplitude, and the phase relationship. Different spectral structures have different timbres. Even if the fundamental frequency and tone are the same, if the harmonic structure is different, the tone is different. For example, when a piano and a black tube play the same note, their timbre is different because their harmonic structure is different, as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2 Piano and clarinet each play a musical audio spectrum based on 100 Hz
The effect of the tone on the tuning <br> From the description of the tone, the tuning work is actually the processing of the adjustment of the tone. Any operation of the tuning work will have an effect on the tone. There is no good or bad sound in the sound itself. It is only because human beings have a popular appreciation habit that the sound quality is good or bad. The essence of tuning is to call out the "sound effect" that suits the taste of the masses. Therefore, for the tuner, the following two issues need to be addressed:
(1) Enhance the improvement of music literacy and know what a good tone is. 
(2) Know how various devices affect the tone.
The human ear has three main aspects of the sound, namely the loudness, tone and tone of the sound. We usually call it the three elements of sound. The three elements of sound are closely related to the size, height and quality of the sound. Therefore, understanding the three elements of sound and its impact on tuning is very important for the tuner.
1. Loudness and its impact on tuning
Loudness <br> Loudness is the subjective feeling of the human ear on the strength of the sound. Loudness is not only proportional to the logarithm of the sound intensity, but also to the frequency and waveform of the sound. The unit of loudness is song (sone). Internationally, the loudness is 1 kHz and the sound level is 40 dB. 
A large number of statistical tables show that the change in sound pressure of the human ear is that the sound intensity is increased by 10 times for each 10 dB increase in sound pressure level, so the loudness and sound pressure level have the following relationship:
Where N is the loudness (Song) and LP is the sound pressure level.
Loudness level <br> The subjective feeling of the human ear on the sound intensity can also be expressed in the loudness level. The sound level is defined as the sound pressure level of a 1 kHz pure tone of equal loudness, in phon. The 1 kHz pure tone with a sound pressure level of 40 dB has a loudness level of 40 squares and a loudness of 1 song. From the definition of loudness and loudness level, the loudness is doubled for every 10 degrees of loudness.
Table 2-1 Relationship between loudness, loudness level and sound pressure level
Equal loudness curve <br> Since loudness is a subjective feeling of the human ear to the sound intensity, when listening to pure sound of any other frequency, it sounds the same as a 1 kHz pure sound with a sound pressure level of 40 dB, although other The sound pressure level of the frequency is not 40 dB, but is also defined as 40 squares. This experimental method, which is compared with the reference sound, measures a relationship between the loudness level and the frequency and sound pressure level of a group of ordinary people who feel the same as the pure tone of different frequencies, which is called an equal-tone curve. Figure 2-1 shows the equivalent loudness curve of the International Organization for Standardization. It is a statistical result of measuring a large number of young people with normal hearing, reflecting the basic laws of human perception of loudness.
Each equal loudness curve in the curve corresponds to a fixed loudness level value, that is, the sound pressure value corresponding to the 1 kHz frequency. 
For example, if the sound pressure level corresponding to the 1 kHz frequency of curve 1 is 10 dB, then the loudness level of curve 1 is 10 squares, and the sound pressure level corresponding to the 1 kHz frequency of curve 5 is 50 dB, then the loudness of curve 5 is Level is 50...
The effect of loudness on tuning <br> Seriously analyzing the equal loudness curve will reveal the following properties:
(1) The two sounds have the same loudness level, but the strengths are not necessarily the same, they are related to frequency. For example, a 100 Hz, 50 dB tone is 40 squares, while a 1 kHz, 40 dB tone is also 40 squares, but the sound intensity differs by 10 dB. 
(2) The higher the sound pressure level, the more the equal loudness curve tends to be flat; the sound pressure level is different, and the equal loudness curve has a large difference, especially in the low frequency band. 
(3) The human ear feels the most sensitive to the sound level in the range of 3 to 4 kHz.
Through the analysis of the equal loudness curve, there are the following problems when tuning: 
(1) In the case of a large volume (large sound pressure level), it is not suitable for greatly improving or attenuating the balance of the mixer. Because the loudness curve tends to be flat at high volume, a large increase or attenuation will destroy the overall effect of the sound, unless there is a major defect in the transmission characteristic curve of the room without the room equalizer to compensate. This is handled. 
(2) In the case of a small volume (small sound pressure level), the mixer's balanced low frequency and high frequency should be appropriately increased. Since the low frequency and the high frequency have the same loudness as the intermediate frequency in the case of a small volume, a relatively large sound pressure level is required.
(3) In the process of tuning, pay special attention to the frequency band of 3 to 4 kHz, especially when tuning the vocal microphone. Because for the microphone, the 3~4 kHz sound is the overtone of the human voice, and its sound intensity is weak, but the sound of this frequency band is the most sensitive sound of the human ear, and the sound of this frequency band enhances the sense of presence. important. Enhancing this frequency band not only enhances the brightness of the sound, but also enhances the sense of presence of the sound.
Tone and its effect on tuning
Tone <br> Tone, also known as pitch, refers to the subjective feeling of the human ear on the level of sound. The pitch is mainly determined by the fundamental frequency of the sound. The higher the fundamental frequency, the higher the pitch, and it is also related to the intensity of the sound. The unit of the tone is "beauty." A tone produced by a pure tone with a frequency of 1 kHz and a sound pressure level of 40 dB is defined as 1 US. 
The pitch is generally proportional to the logarithm of the frequency. Currently, the world's universal twelve-square equal-equal scale is determined by halving the logarithm of the fundamental frequency. For each additional octave of the fundamental frequency of the sound, the music is said to raise an "octave". For example, C is 1 at 261 Hz and treble 1 at 525 Hz. When the sound pressure level is large, causing the eardrum to vibrate too much, and harmonic components appear, it will also make people feel that the tone has changed.
The effect of pitch on tuning <br> The processing of tones during tuning is mainly focused on the “shift†function of the source (CD player, VCD player). In the tuning work, the tuner should determine the appropriate tone for the individual according to the singer's situation. For example, when a baritone sings a tenor song, he often can't sing. When his low octave continues to sing and can't sing, the tuners should make appropriate according to the person's situation. Downshift (press b, press once, drop one tone) to match the voice condition of this person. Of course, in the process of downsizing or upgrading, it is best to ask the singer's own opinion first.
Voice and its effect on tuning
Tone
Tone is the subjective feeling of the human ear on the characteristics of the sound. The tone depends mainly on the spectral structure of the sound and on the loudness, duration, build-up process and decay process of the sound.
The spectral structure of the sound is described by the fundamental frequency, the number of harmonic frequencies, the harmonic distribution, the magnitude of the amplitude, and the phase relationship. Different spectral structures have different timbres. Even if the fundamental frequency and tone are the same, if the harmonic structure is different, the tone is different. For example, when a piano and a black tube play the same note, their timbre is different because their harmonic structure is different, as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2 Piano and clarinet each play a musical audio spectrum based on 100 Hz
The effect of the tone on the tuning <br> From the description of the tone, the tuning work is actually the processing of the adjustment of the tone. Any operation of the tuning work will have an effect on the tone. There is no good or bad sound in the sound itself. It is only because human beings have a popular appreciation habit that the sound quality is good or bad. The essence of tuning is to call out the "sound effect" that suits the taste of the masses. Therefore, for the tuner, the following two issues need to be addressed:
(1) Enhance the improvement of music literacy and know what a good tone is. 
(2) Know how various devices affect the tone.
This model can made wthin 12W to 24W.
Input: 100-240V~50/60Hz.
CE FCC ROHS Certificated.
Plug and Play, 12 Months warranty & Lifetime support.
Tip:(+)Center (-)Outer. Also can make (-)Center (+)Outer.
For the Led Strip/Wireless Router, ADSL Cats, HUB, Switches, Security Cameras, Audio/Video Power Supply.
We use a plastic bag and a white box to pack it. We put 100pcs or 200pcs even 250pcs into one carton.
24W Wall Charger,24W Wall Mount Charger,24W Wall Mount Charger,Home 24W Wall Charger
Shenzhen Waweis Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.waweis.com